// Copyright 2016 The Fuchsia Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

// Provides a base class for reference-counted classes.

#ifndef LIB_FXL_MEMORY_REF_COUNTED_H_
#define LIB_FXL_MEMORY_REF_COUNTED_H_

#include "src/lib/fxl/macros.h"
#include "src/lib/fxl/memory/ref_counted_internal.h"
#include "src/lib/fxl/memory/ref_ptr.h"

namespace fxl {

// A base class for (thread-safe) reference-counted classes. Use like:
//
//   class Foo : public RefCountedThreadSafe<Foo> {
//     ...
//   };
//
// |~Foo()| *may* be made private (e.g., to avoid accidental deletion of objects
// while there are still references to them), |Foo| should friend
// |RefCountedThreadSafe<Foo>|; use |FRIEND_REF_COUNTED_THREAD_SAFE()| for this:
//
//   class Foo : public RefCountedThreadSafe<Foo> {
//     ...
//    private:
//     FRIEND_REF_COUNTED_THREAD_SAFE(Foo);
//     ~Foo();
//     ...
//   };
//
// Similarly, |Foo(...)| may be made private. In this case, there should either
// be a static factory method performing the requisite adoption:
//
//   class Foo : public RefCountedThreadSafe<Foo> {
//     ...
//    public:
//     inline static RefPtr<Foo> Create() { return AdoptRef(new Foo()); }
//     ...
//    private:
//     Foo();
//     ...
//   };
//
// Or, to allow |MakeRefCounted()| to be used, use |FRIEND_MAKE_REF_COUNTED()|:
//
//   class Foo : public RefCountedThreadSafe<Foo> {
//     ...
//    private:
//     FRIEND_MAKE_REF_COUNTED(Foo);
//     Foo();
//     Foo(const Bar& bar, bool maybe);
//     ...
//   };
//
// For now, we only have thread-safe reference counting, since that's all we
// need. It's easy enough to add thread-unsafe versions if necessary.
template <typename T>
class RefCountedThreadSafe : public internal::RefCountedThreadSafeBase {
 public:
  // Adds a reference to this object.
  // Inherited from the internal superclass:
  //   void AddRef() const;

  // Releases a reference to this object. This will destroy this object once the
  // last reference is released.
  void Release() const {
    if (internal::RefCountedThreadSafeBase::Release())
      delete static_cast<const T*>(this);
  }

  // Returns true if there is exactly one reference to this object. Use of this
  // is subtle, and should usually be avoided. To assert that there is only one
  // reference (typically held by the calling thread, possibly in a local
  // variable), use |AssertHasOneRef()| instead. However, a use is:
  //
  //   if (foo->HasOneRef()) {
  //     // Do something "fast", since |foo| is the only reference and no other
  //     // thread can get another reference.
  //     ...
  //   } else {
  //     // Do something slower, but still valid even if there were only one
  //     // reference.
  //     ...
  //   }
  //
  // Inherited from the internal superclass:
  //   bool HasOneRef();

  // Asserts that there is exactly one reference to this object; does nothing in
  // Release builds (when |NDEBUG| is defined).
  // Inherited from the internal superclass:
  //   void AssertHasOneRef();

 protected:
  // Constructor. Note that the object is constructed with a reference count of
  // 1, and then must be adopted (see |AdoptRef()| in ref_ptr.h).
  RefCountedThreadSafe() {}

  // Destructor. Note that this object should only be destroyed via |Release()|
  // (see above), or something that calls |Release()| (see, e.g., |RefPtr<>| in
  // ref_ptr.h).
  ~RefCountedThreadSafe() {}

 private:
#ifndef NDEBUG
  template <typename U>
  friend RefPtr<U> AdoptRef(U*);
  // Marks the initial reference (assumed on construction) as adopted. This is
  // only required for Debug builds (when |NDEBUG| is not defined).
  // TODO(vtl): Should this really be private? This makes manual ref-counting
  // and also writing one's own ref pointer class impossible.
  void Adopt() { internal::RefCountedThreadSafeBase::Adopt(); }
#endif

  FXL_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(RefCountedThreadSafe);
};

// If you subclass |RefCountedThreadSafe| and want to keep your destructor
// private, use this. (See the example above |RefCountedThreadSafe|.)
#define FRIEND_REF_COUNTED_THREAD_SAFE(T) \
  friend class ::fxl::RefCountedThreadSafe<T>

// If you want to keep your constructor(s) private and still want to use
// |MakeRefCounted<T>()|, use this. (See the example above
// |RefCountedThreadSafe|.)
#define FRIEND_MAKE_REF_COUNTED(T) \
  friend class ::fxl::internal::MakeRefCountedHelper<T>

}  // namespace fxl

#endif  // LIB_FXL_MEMORY_REF_COUNTED_H_