// Copyright 2016 The Fuchsia Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file.

#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <threads.h>

#include <zircon/syscalls.h>

// defined in cpp_specific.cpp.
int cpp_out_of_mem(void);

typedef struct {
    const char* name;
    int (*func)(volatile unsigned int*);
    const char* desc;
} command_t;

int blind_write(volatile unsigned int* addr) {
    *addr = 0xBAD1DEA;
    return 0;
}

int blind_read(volatile unsigned int* addr) {
    return (int)(*addr);
}

int ro_write(volatile unsigned int* addr) {
    // test that we cannot write to RO code memory
    volatile unsigned int* p = (volatile unsigned int*)&ro_write;
    *p = 99;
    return 0;
}

int nx_run(volatile unsigned int* addr) {
    // Test that we cannot execute NX memory.  Use stack memory for this
    // because using a static means the compiler might generate a direct
    // branch to the symbol rather than computing the function pointer
    // address in a register as the code looks like it would do, and
    // declaring a static writable variable that the compiler can see
    // nobody writes leaves the compiler free to morph it into a static
    // const variable, which gets put into a mergeable rodata section, and
    // the Gold linker for aarch64 cannot handle a branch into a mergeable
    // section.
    uint8_t codebuf[16] = {};
    void (*func)(void) = (void*)codebuf;
    func();
    return 0;
}

// Note that as of 5/21/16 the crash reads:
// PageFault:199: UNIMPLEMENTED: faulting with a page already present.
int stack_overflow(volatile unsigned int* i_array) {
    volatile unsigned int array[512];
    if (i_array) {
        array[0] = i_array[0] + 1;
        if (array[0] < 4096)
            return stack_overflow(array);
    } else {
        array[0] = 0;
        return stack_overflow(array);
    }
    return 0;
}

int stack_buf_overrun(volatile unsigned int* arg) {
    volatile unsigned int array[6];
    if (!arg) {
        return stack_buf_overrun(array);
    } else {
        memset((void*)arg, 0, sizeof(array[0]) * 7);
    }
    return 0;
}

int undefined(volatile unsigned int* unused) {
#if defined(__x86_64__)
    __asm__ volatile("ud2");
#elif defined(__aarch64__)
    __asm__ volatile("brk #0"); // not undefined, but close enough
#else
#error "need to define undefined for this architecture"
#endif
    return 0;
}

int oom(volatile unsigned int* unused) {
    return cpp_out_of_mem();
}

#include <unistd.h>

// volatile to ensure compiler doesn't optimize the allocs away
volatile char* mem_alloc;

int mem(volatile unsigned int* arg) {
    int count = 0;
    for (;;) {
        mem_alloc = malloc(1024 * 1024);
        memset((void*)mem_alloc, 0xa5, 1024 * 1024);
        count++;
        if ((count % 128) == 0) {
            zx_nanosleep(zx_deadline_after(ZX_MSEC(250)));
            write(1, ".", 1);
        }
    }
}

int use_after_free(volatile unsigned int* arg) {
    char* p = strdup("Hello, world!");
    free(p);
    puts(p);
    return 0;
}

typedef struct {
    int depth;
    int max_depth;
} deep_sleep_args_t;

int deep_sleep(deep_sleep_args_t* args) {
    if (args->depth < args->max_depth) {
        args->depth++;
        deep_sleep(args);
    }
    // The compiler chokes on -Winfinite-recursion otherwise.
    volatile bool running = true;
    while (running) {
        zx_nanosleep(zx_deadline_after(ZX_MSEC(10)));
    }
    return 0;
}

int thread_func(void* arg) {
    return deep_sleep((deep_sleep_args_t*)arg);
}

int blind_write_multithreaded(volatile unsigned int* addr) {
    // Start 5 separate threads that will recurse a bit then sleep.
    int kThreads = 5;
    thrd_t threads[kThreads];
    deep_sleep_args_t args[kThreads];
    for (int i = 0; i < kThreads; ++i) {
        args[i].depth = 0;
        args[i].max_depth = 5;
        int ret = thrd_create_with_name(&threads[i], thread_func, &args[i], "deep_sleep");
        if (ret != thrd_success) {
            printf("Unexpected thread create return: %d\n", ret);
            return 1;
        }
    }

    // Wait for the threads to have finished their recursion then crash the main thread.
    for (int i = 0; i < kThreads; ++i) {
        while (args[i].depth < args[i].max_depth) {
            zx_nanosleep(zx_deadline_after(ZX_MSEC(1)));
        }
    }
    blind_write(addr);

    for (int i = 0; i < kThreads; ++i) {
        int ret = thrd_join(threads[i], NULL);
        if (ret != thrd_success) {
            printf("Unexpected thread join return: %d\n", ret);
            return 1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

command_t commands[] = {
    {"write0", blind_write, "write to address 0x0"},
    {"read0", blind_read, "read address 0x0"},
    {"writero", ro_write, "write to read only code segment"},
    {"stackov", stack_overflow, "overflow the stack (recursive)"},
    {"stackbuf", stack_buf_overrun, "overrun a buffer on the stack"},
    {"und", undefined, "undefined instruction"},
    {"nx_run", nx_run, "run in no-execute memory"},
    {"oom", oom, "out of memory c++ death"},
    {"mem", mem, "out of memory"},
    {"use_after_free", use_after_free, "use memory after freeing it"},
    {"write0_mt", blind_write_multithreaded, "write to address 0x0 in one thread, sleeping in 5 others"},
    {NULL, NULL, NULL},
};

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    printf("=@ crasher @=\n");

    if (argc < 2) {
        printf("default to write0  (use 'help' for more options).\n");
        blind_write(NULL);
    } else {
        if (strcmp("help", argv[1])) {
            for (command_t* cmd = commands; cmd->name != NULL; ++cmd) {
                if (strcmp(cmd->name, argv[1]) == 0) {
                    printf("doing : %s\n", cmd->desc);
                    cmd->func(NULL);
                    goto exit; // should not reach here.
                }
            }
        }

        printf("known commands are:\n");
        for (command_t* cmd = commands; cmd->name != NULL; ++cmd) {
            printf("%s : %s\n", cmd->name, cmd->desc);
        }
        return 0;
    }

exit:
    printf("crasher: exiting normally ?!!\n");
    return 0;
}