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A component manifest (.cmx) is a JSON file with the file extension .cmx. Component manifests are often located in a package’s meta/ directory. The manifest contains information that declares how to run the component and what resources it receives. In particular, the component manifest describes how the component is sandboxed.
Here's a simple example of a cmx for an ELF binary component:
{
"include": [
"syslog/client.shard.cmx"
],
"program": {
"binary": "bin/example_app",
"args": [ "--example", "args" ]
},
"sandbox": {
"system": [ "data/sysmgr" ],
"services": [
"fuchsia.posix.socket.Provider",
"fuchsia.sys.Launcher"
]
}
}
And one for a flutter/dart component:
{
"program": {
"data": "data/simple_flutter"
},
"runner": "flutter_jit_runner"
}
The optional include property describes zero or more other component manifest files (or shards) to be merged into this component manifest.
In the example given above, the component manifest is including contents from a file provided by the syslog library, thus ensuring that the component functions correctly at runtime if it attempts to write to syslog. By convention such files end with .shard.cmx.
Include paths prepended with // are relative to the source root of the Fuchsia checkout. However, include paths not prepended with //, as in the example above, are resolved from Fuchsia SDK libraries (//sdk/lib) that export component manifest shards.
For reference, inside the Fuchsia checkout these two include paths are equivalent:
syslog/client.shard.cmx//sdk/lib/syslog/client.shard.cmxYou can review the outcome of merging any and all includes into a component manifest file by invoking the following command:
Note: The fx command below is for developers working in a fuchsia source checkout environment.
fx cmc include {{ "<var>" }}cmx_file{{ "</var>" }} --includeroot $FUCHSIA_DIR --includepath $FUCHSIA_DIR/sdk/lib
Includes are transitive, meaning that shards can have their own includes.
Include paths can have diamond dependencies. For instance this is valid: A includes B, A includes C, B includes D, C includes D. In this case A will transitively include B, C, D.
Include paths cannot have cycles. For instance this is invalid: A includes B, B includes A. A cycle such as the above will result in a compile-time error.
The program property describes the resources to execute the component.
If runner is absent, the program property is a JSON object with the following schema:
{
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"binary": {
"type": "string"
},
"args": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "string"
},
},
"env_vars": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "string"
},
},
}
}
The binary property describes where in the package namespace to find the binary to run the component, and the optional args property contains the string arguments to be provided to the process. The optional env_vars property specifies environment variables to provide to the binary where each element in the array uses the format "VAR=VALUE", for example "RUST_BACKTRACE=1".
If runner is present, program is a freeform string-string JSON object interpreted as args to pass to the runner.
For instance, for a flutter/dart component, its format is:
{
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"data": {
"type": "string"
}
}
}
Where data should describe the location of the flutter/dart binaries. By default, it is under data/<component-name>.
runner is an optional property that names another component (or a package that contains one) to which execution is to be delegated. The target component must expose the Runner service.
If runner is present, program is a freeform string-string JSON object interpreted as args to pass to the runner.
If runner is absent, it is assumed that program.binary is an ELF binary or shell script.
The runner property is a JSON string.
facets is an optional property that contains free-form JSON about the component. Facets can be consumed by things on the system to acquire additional metadata about a component.
The schema for facets is:
{
"type": "object"
}
As an example of a facet, the fuchsia.test field is used to convey what additional services should be injected into testing environments.
The sandbox property controls the environment in which the component executes. Specifically, the property controls which directories the component can access during execution.
The sandbox property is a JSON object with the following schema:
{
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"dev": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "string"
}
},
"services": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "string"
}
},
"system": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "string"
}
},
"pkgfs": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "string"
}
},
"features": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "string"
}
}
}
}
All items must be valid paths in canonical form as defined by fuchsia.io/Path.
The dev array contains a list of well-known device directories that are provided to the component. For example, if the string class/input appears in the dev array, then /dev/class/input will appear in the namespaces of components loaded from the package. To allow access to a misc device, add the string misc to the dev array. Allowing access to individual misc devices is not possible.
The system array contains a list of well-known paths within the system package that are provided to the component. For example, if the string bin appears in the system array, then /system/bin will appear in the namespaces of components loaded from the package.
The pkgfs array contains a list of well-known paths within the pkgfs tree that are provided to the component. For example, if the string versions appears in the pkgfs array, then /pkgfs/versions will appear in the namespaces of components loaded from the package, providing access to all packages fully cached on the system.
The services array defines a list of services from /svc that the component may access. A typical component will require a number services from /svc in order to play some useful role in the system. For example, if "services" = [ "fuchsia.posix.socket.Provider", "fuchsia.sys.Launcher" ], the component will have the ability to launch other components and access network services. A component may declare any list of services in its services, but it will only be able to access services present in its environment. This property should be defined by all new components, and soon a migration will take place to convert all components to define services.
The features array contains a list of well-known features that the package wishes to use. Including a feature in this list is a request for the environment in which the contents of the package execute to be given the resources required to use that feature.
The set of currently known features are as follows:
config-data, which will provide any configuration data available to the package this component is in that was provided in the config-data package on the system.
introspection, which requests access to introspect the system. The introspection namespace will be located at /info_experimental.
isolated-persistent-storage, which requests access to persistent storage for the device, located in /data in the package's namespace. This storage is isolated from the storage provided to other components.
isolated-cache-storage, which requests access to persistent storage for the device, located in /cache in the package's namespace. This storage is isolated from the storage provided to other components. Unlike isolated-persistent-storage, items placed in the storage provided by this feature will be deleted by the system to reclaim space when disk usage is nearing capacity.
isolated-temp, which requests that a temp directory be installed into the component's namespace at /tmp. This is isolated from the system temp and the temp directories of other component instances. This directory is backed by an in-memory filesystem, and is thus cleared on device reboots.
root-ssl-certificates, which requests access to the root SSL certificates for the device. These certificates are provided in the /config/ssl directory in the package's namespace.
hub, which shows information about the component instance's realm and its children in a directory structure.
deprecated-shell, which requests access to the resources appropriate for an interactive command line. Typically, shells are granted access to all the resources available in the current environment. The deprecated-shell feature also implies the root-ssl-certificates and hub features. As the name suggests, this feature is to be removed. Current uses of this feature are explicitly allowlisted, and new uses are discouraged.
shell-commands, which requests access to the currently available shell binaries (note: not “installed”, but “available”). Binaries are mapped into /bin in the requesters namespace. Running these commands may require the fuchsia.process.Resolver and fuchsia.process.Launcher services also be requested.
vulkan, which requests access to the resources required to use the Vulkan graphics interface. This adds layer configuration data in the /config/vulkan directory in the package's namespace.
deprecated-ambient-replace-as-executable, which provides legacy support for using the invalid handle with replace_as_executable.
durable-data, which requests access to the read-write durable partition for the device and places it at /durable in the component's namespace. This partition is for storing persistent data that will survive a factory reset, and is only to be used for specific, approved use cases.
See sandboxing for more information about sandboxing.